Macular degeneration
Macular degeneration is a disease caused by a change in the central part of the retina, the macula, which allows us to see details, read and recognise faces. The age-related form is one of the leading causes of severe vision loss after the age of 50-60. There are two forms: the dry form, more common and slower, and the wet form, less frequent but faster, which also involves the small blood vessels of the retina.
What are the risk factors?
- Advancing age
- Smoking
- Family history and genetic factors
- High cholesterol and obesity
- High blood pressure
How to recognise macular degeneration
In the early stages the disease may cause no symptoms at all. The first signs include distorted images (straight lines look wavy), a dark or blurred spot in the centre of vision, more difficulty reading and reduced contrast sensitivity.
A simple way to keep an eye on your central vision at home is the Amsler grid.
Warning: if you suddenly notice distorted lines or a spot in the centre of your vision, see an ophthalmologist as soon as possible. In the wet form, early treatment makes a difference.
Why does it occur?
The retina consumes a lot of oxygen and produces oxidising substances which, in excess, damage it. With ageing the body's defences decline and deposits (drusen) build up in the retina, causing progressive loss of central vision over time. In the wet form, small fragile vessels also grow, leaking fluid and possibly forming scars.
How to reduce the risk and detect it in time
There are treatments that can slow the disease, especially the wet form, but none eliminates it completely. That is why it is important to detect it early with regular visits to the ophthalmologist, especially after 50 or if there is a family history.
A healthy lifestyle helps protect your eye health: do not smoke, eat a varied diet rich in fruit, vegetables and fish, and protect your eyes from strong sunlight with UV-filter sunglasses. Any use of food supplements should be assessed with your ophthalmologist.
If your vision is already greatly reduced, also read our page on low vision and visual aids.
Would you like an eye test?
Book at Ottica Paoletti in Pieve di Soligo: if we notice something that deserves further investigation, we will advise you to see an ophthalmologist.
Or call us on 0438 83409.