Cataracts: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment | Complete Guide
What is Cataract?
Cataracts are a condition that occurs when the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, causing progressive vision loss. They are a major cause of vision problems, especially in people over 60.
Main Symptoms
- Blurred or hazy vision
- Difficulty in night vision
- Increased sensitivity to light
- Double vision
- Frequent need to change glasses
- Colors that appear faded
Causes of Cataract
- Natural aging
- Prolonged exposure to UV rays
- Diabetes
- Eye trauma
- Prolonged use of certain medications
- Genetic factors
Types of Cataracts
- Senile (age-related) cataract
- Congenital cataract (present at birth)
- Traumatic Cataract
- Secondary cataract
Diagnosis
The diagnosis is made through:
- Complete eye exam
- Visual acuity test
- Slit lamp examination
- Contrast Sensitivity Assessment
Cataract Treatment
The main treatment is surgery, which involves:
- Removal of cloudy lens
- Insertion of an artificial intraocular lens
- Day surgery intervention
- Local anesthesia
- Recovery is generally rapid
After the Surgery
- Use of prescribed eye drops
- Avoid rubbing your eye
- Protect your eyes from bright light
- Follow up on check-ups
- Possible need for glasses for some activities
Prevention
- UV protection
- Regular eye checkups
- Healthy and balanced diet
- Avoid smoking
- Management of systemic diseases (such as diabetes)
When to See a Specialist
It is important to see your eye doctor if you notice:
- Sudden worsening of vision
- Difficulty in daily activities
- Persistent double vision
- Changes in color perception
Important Notes:
- Cataracts are not contagious.
- The procedure has a high success rate.
- Visual recovery is generally excellent.
- Early diagnosis improves outcomes